Can Guilt Manifest Into Illness - 2268 Words

Can Guilt Manifest into Illness? The origin of the inquiry â€Å"can guilt manifest into physical illness† all started when I was assigned to read the novel, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, for my senior research essay in high school. The novel revolved around the character Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov and his turmoil with guilt. In the novel, Raskolnikov viewed himself to be an infallible deity, who possessed intelligence and wisdom that could not be rivaled by any other human. This superman complex eventually drove him to the conclusion that he should kill the rich pawn owner Alyona Ivanovna due to her callousness towards the people who were tardy in making payments. Raskolnikov used this iota of a flaw in Alyona to mercilessly†¦show more content†¦Since I was in college and had more resources that I had in high school, I determined it would be ideal if I started my research over. What is Guilt? In order to prove that guilt has the capability to transform itself into psychological and physicals punishment, one must first understand what guilt is, and how it can be perceived and distinguished from other emotions. One of the articles that explains and defines guilt is the article, Guilt, Shame, and Reparative Behavior: The Effect of Psychological Proximity, by Majid Ghorbani et al. In the article Ghorbani et. al. intricately analyze the differences between shame and guilt saying that guilt. Understanding how easy it is to confuse the two, they first define them in the beginning by using a quote from one of their references, â€Å"Ferguson and Stegge 1998.† In the article Ferguson and Stegge state â€Å"Guilt is defined as an agitation-based emotion of regretting a wrong action or decision, (qtd. in Guilt, Shame, and Reparative Behavior: The effect of Psychological Proximity, 313). Ferguson and Stegge’s quote is essential because it provides a concrete descriptio n when guilt occurs and what emotion type it belongs to. This is also crucial to the claim guilt can manifest into physical and psychological punishment because it gives a definition of guilt and provides a guideline for it. Although Ghorbani et. al. knew what guilt was they still needed to figure out what it looked like. To do this, they

Racial Profiling And The United Kingdom - 934 Words

Racial profiling has become a highly debatable law enforcement practice over the last two decades. There has been an overwhelming increase of reported instances in which law enforcement personnel have been accused of targeting certain minority groups. This has casted a luminous spotlight on racial profiling, as well as increased tensions between law enforcement and citizens. Two black America s by the Wilson Quarterly reported that New York City police stopped nearly 700,000 people, with 85% of them being either Hispanic or Black. Similar to America, other countries are also having problems with racial profiling such as France and the United Kingdom. Activists in the states describe profiling directed towards a variety of non-whites such as African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. But in Europe, the spectrum is pointed toward Muslim looking people. Although racial profiling has never been this bad, my question is will we ever really have a colorblind world? Although being stopped, searched and frisked is nothing new for minorities, it has been proven that it has became even more fatal due to officers shooting civilians while still in their vehicle. In his book Driving While Black, Kenneth gives his readers advice about how to handle potentially life threatening situations with law enforcement when behind the wheel. His book also details other important aspects such as Cabs that whiz by only to be seen stopping for safer-looking people just up the block; beingShow MoreRelatedCriminal Profiling1152 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal profiling. Some psychiatrists, criminologists, and psychologists believe there are specific traits, psychological factors that will separate a person from the rest of society. This thesis will explain that criminal profiling will help narrow the list of suspects from rape and homicide by formulating the type of person whom the investigators should be looking for. 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Strategic Information System Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Citizen Gas Company is one of the biggest residential gas suppliers in the United State that likewise manages the residential and industrial gas supply. The organization was confronting issue in their business because of a change of interest and supply in the business sector. As indicated by the case situation, Citizen Gas Company is attempting to enhance the gas supply to the household level that is likewise reliant on the climate. The utilization of gas is high in the winter season and the supply around then stays low (Joskow and Kahn 2011). The organization buys their gas from a few other pipeline organizations through contract premise along these lines; they need to store the gas to supply in the business sector amid the interest circumstance. The gas stockpiling arranging of the organization exceedingly affects this procedure of free market activity. The organization keeps up a framework in their gas stockpiling, which is not creating any advantage to the organization. At the po int when the interest is high and supply is low then they needs to abridge the supply to the business and business segment coming about colossal business misfortune (Guang Shi et al. 2012). To manage the problem organization has employed an executive of corporate planning who can give an appropriate idea of storage capacity to take care during demand. The goal of this report is to distinguish the few parts of the storage capacity issues and give appropriate planning. The report will concentrate on the new framework that gives an appropriate month-to-month planning of the entire process. Background of the organization Citizens Gas Company is a cooperative organization established in the year of 1887 in United States with a objective of supplying gas to the residential customer without any interruptions. The company is operated by the public charitable trust with a mission to benefit the customers and community. The business of the company is associated with the supply of natural gas in different customers like residential, commercial and industrial. Citizens Gas Company is operating the business in three segments but the strength of the business is domestic customer because they provide maximum revenue to the organization. Therefore the preference of gas supply also remain with the domestic customer first. Among the base of 200000 customers, they have 160000 domestic customers and revenue income from this base is 160 million. Therefore, the focus of the company is always to serve better to the domestic customer in a efficient way. Along with the domestic customer, industrial business of the compan y is also increasing that needs prior attention for a better growth. To enhance the service the company is improving the service through the proper planning of storage and supply. The company is aiming to provide an uninterrupted supply to all customers to sustain within the market competition. Corporate structure of the company The CEO who is responsible for the overall performance of the organization heads citizens Gas Company. The structure of the organization is very normal and traditional where several directors are appointed for every department. All these directors report to the CEO and manage the several functions (Chopra and Sodhi 2014). There are functional manager in each department who report to the director and provide valuable support to the employees. The structure of the organization is given in the below image. Figure 1: Organizational Structure of CGC (Source: Citizensenergygroup.com, 2016) Existing and future business opportunity The business of the company is associated with the natural gas supply that has good demand in the market. The problem of this business is the market prediction and sales forecasting. The company always fails to match the demand of the gas and the supply from the producer because of the uncertain market (Chen and Baldick 2011). The storing capacity of the company is also different and they directly store gas from supplier and supply them to their customer. It is found that the production of gas in low in the winter season and the demand of the gas is high in the same season therefore company always lose their business (Attaran and Attaran 2012). If Citizens Gas Company is able to plan their storing capacity then they will be able to store the extra gas in the summer season which will enables to match the extra demand in the winter season. The company has lot of scope in the industrial segment because they are not focusing in this segment. If the company is able to improve the situatio n then they will make more business in this segment. The residential business also has lot of scope as other company is growing in this segment as compared to Citizens Gas Company. Since the market growth is high than the market leader therefore there are lot of scope existing in this market. Existing operating system Figure 2: Current operation of CGC to supply gas to their customer (Source: Citizensenergygroup.com, 2016) The present operation of the organization is related to three levels that are purchase from the supplier, Storage of the gas and supply to the customer. The initial step is the receiving of the gas from five suppliers. CGC has is getting the supply from five pipeline company who are in contract with CGC. All the organization supplies their gas to the storing unit of the organization (Zednik et al. 2011). The buying option of the gas is associated with the character of the contract with the pipeline company. To some company CGC has to pay the contract amount irrespective of the consumption. A portion of the organization has made the agreement with a settled measure of cash and utilization. In the event that CGC is expending less then additionally they need to pay the full cash to the organization. Along these lines, this sort of agreement is acquiring misfortune for the organization since when demand is low and supply is high then they are not ready to supply gas. Purchasing is also a ssociated with the ability of the pipeline company at that point of time. The next step of the system is the storage of gas that is solely dependent on CGCs infrastructure. The company is struggling to store the excess gas because of the improper planning and low storage capacity. The company is therefore store only few amount of gas that is supplied (Winter and Knemeyer 2013). The last step is the supply of the storage gas to their customer. Since the company has three type of customers therefore they has to prioritize the supply procedure during the sort supply. The company first fulfill the requirement of the domestic customer because they are committed to them then the company distribute the extra gas to the commercial sector. Another reason to prioritize the domestic segment is that they provide higher rate to the company and most of the revenue is coming from this segment. Business performance The business performance of CGC is good because they have always developed the competitive advantage in their business to beat the competitors. The business of CGC is also associated with the customer base that no other companies have in the country. The company is making profit every year though the rate of growth is in the negative side as compared to the past. Therefore, company is focusing on the business aspect and opportunities in the market to enhance the growth of the company (Park, Hong and Roh 2013). More often, the company fails to fulfill the exact demand of the market only because of lack of planning. Therefore company is taking initiative to enhance the performance through several functional initiative. Sales and marketing Sales and marketing is the key aspect of the business because that helps to sale the product in the market better than competitors do. CGC has very less focus on the sales and marketing because they are very old organization and till today they are dependent on the relationship business. Most of the residential customer of the company is taking the service for long time therefore addition of new customer is comparatively less as compared to other company. The company is habituated in the common trend of sales that are not forecasted in the past (Mena, Humphries and Choi 2013). The new system of the company will help to make a sales forecast for the company and the marketing of the product will be done in that basis. If the company has over supply then marketing department will remain active to increase the demand in the market. Once the demand is high then they will be able to generate more business in the off-season also (Ipakchi and Albuyeh 2012). Therefore, CGC will prepare a sale s budget that will forecast the future sale for the next year. The budget will be based on the data of last year. Month Sales 2015 residential in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Sales 2015 commercial in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Sales 2015 industrial in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Jan 17 19 2 2 1 4 Feb 17 16 1 2 2 5 Mar 13 15 1 2 7 6 Apr 13 13 2 3 8 7 May 11 11 3 3 9 8 Jun 11 11 3 4 10 10 Jul 10 10 3 4 9 9 Aug 10 10 3 4 8 8 Sep 12 13 1 2 6 7 Oct 14 14 1 2 2 6 Nov 15 16 2 2 2 5 Dec 17 18 3 2 1 4 Total 160 171 25 32 65 79 Total 278 Table 1: Sales budget for 2016 (Source: Created by author) Operations Operating such a big organization also includes lot of expenses. Therefore to operate such organization expense is very important to handle otherwise it will impact the profitability of the organization. During the operation, company has to deal with different type of expenses that are fixed expense and variable expense (Lund et al. 2014). Most of the fixed expenses are predictable but the variable expenses are unpredictable therefore they should be done through proper planning so that they could be done in a proper manner without affecting the profitability. Operating Expenses Actual Expense 2015 in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Difference Accounting and Legal 0.6 0.6 0 Advertising 2.1 2 .1 Depreciation 3.1 3.5 -0.4 Dues and Subscriptions 1.5 0.9 0.6 Insurance 2.5 2.5 0 Interest Expense 4.5 4.8 -0.3 Maintenance and Repairs 5.9 8.5 -2.6 Office Supplies 0.005 0.003 0.002 Payroll Expenses 0.003 0.003 0 Rent 1.3 1 0.3 Salaries and Wages 18 20 -2 Taxes and Licenses 5.6 6.3 -0.7 Web Hosting and Domains 0.002 0.002 0 Other 1 0.5 0.5 Total Operating Expenses 46.11 50.608 -4.498 Table 3: Expense budget 2016(Source: Created by author) Procurement Procurement of the organization is associated with the sales of the product throughout the year. The company is mainly focusing to plan the procurement by developing a sales forecast based on the last year sale. If the company is able to plan the forecast properly then it will help to develop a procurement budget. The procurement will be done depending on the sale and the storage so that company will not suffer any loss due to short or over supply (Belkin, Nichol and Woehrel 2013). The company is emphasizing on the month wise procurement budget that will help to organize the purchase in the right manner. Month Purchase budget of 2015 in million $ Actual sale of 2015 in million $ Purchase budget of 2016 in million $ Jan 16 23 20 Feb 13 21 17 Mar 13 21 16 Apr 16 22 16 May 17 23 17 Jun 16 23 18 Jul 13 21 16 Aug 12 20 13 Sep 14 17 13 Oct 14 18 14 Nov 13 19 15 Dec 14 22 18 Total 171 250 193 Table 2: Purchase budget of 2016 (Source: Created by author) Taxation Taxation is one of the important aspect of the business that directly impact the net profit of the company. The company is planning to sale more in the 2016 therefore with a increased volume of business company has to pay more amount of tax (Moore et al. 2014). Therefore, to operate business by paying proper tax to the government pricing of the product is very important. CGC is planning to increase the price from the next year to increase the infrastructure. Future business plan Future planning of the organization is connected with the continuous supply of natural gas over all clients. CGC is starting to make a capacity arrangement for their storeroom that will work in a month-to-month premise however will likewise keep up yearly information. The future arranging of the organization is exceptionally centered on the month-to-month business gauge and they will make an incremental arrangement as per the past business (Monczka et al. 2015). On the off chance that the organization can estimate their business legitimately then they will have the capacity to improve their capacity arrangement. The arrangement of the new chief is to make a calculated configuration of a data framework that will center to examine the free market activity. The new framework will give a month-to-month gas plan to next five years with specific accentuation on the main year of offers. The new framework will utilize genuine information amid the year to venture interest for the following ye ar (Seuring 2013). This kind of activity will enhance the working wage of the association that will bring about more gainfulness. Future arranging of the organization is likewise connected with the arranged stockpiling that will stay full in the beginning of consistent. Proposed new system of CGC Figure 3: New system of the storage facility and uninterrupted supply to customer (Source: Created by author) Proposed new system of the company is associated with proper planning for every functionality that will help to make a planned purchase of natural gas. The proposed system of CGC therefore suggests a four tire system for operation. The first tire is the supplier of the company. Since CGC has different type of supplier, therefore they get their product through different contract (Stern 2012). According to the supply agreement, every supplier supplies natural gas when it is available from nature. The second tire of the system is the main operating system that plans monthly supply and demand of the product. When supply is more than the demand then it send the excess gas to the storage unit where it can be stored for whole year that can be utilized for the uninterrupted business. The third level is the storage facility and the objective of the company is to keep proper stock throughout the year to manage the high demanding situation. The forth tire is the supply of the gas that is again done on the priority basis. In the new system, the supply of gas has the same priority for every customer however; it can be controlled during the high situation (Wisner, Tan and Leong 2015). Identification of data for adequate planning capability Datas that are identified for the adequate planning system are described below. Number of customer Number of customer in each segment is important to incorporate into the system to understand the demand in the market. If CGC focuses on every customer consumption then it will be easier for the system to understand the usage (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith 2012). According to the usage future planning will be done. Weather data Weather data is also important for the system because according to the weather condition demand fluctuate. During the winter demand remain maximum however if the weather forecast says that the span of winter will remain short then new system will procure less. Heating factors Heating factor influence the demand of natural gas. Industrial customer will procure more gas during the summer time because production remains high in this period. However, heating factor in the residential sector is in high demand in the winter season therefore CGC has to supply maximum gas at that time (Cheenkachorn, Poompipatpong and Ho 2013). Sales forecast Sales forecast of the company will depend on the system data like weather condition, therefore according to the weather forecast will be planned. Supplier contract terms Supplier contract terms is also important for the new system to plan the amount of gas to be procured from suppliers that is also associated with the storage facility. Storage field capacity The system has to aware about the storage facility to maintain the planned stock for the demanding situation. Conclusion From the above report, it can be outlined that Citizen Gas Company was inadequate in the planning part that is bringing about tremendous business loss. The organization was not able supply gas as indicated by the demand since demand and supply of the gas was not coordinating. At the point when supply was high then demand was low and when demand was high then supply stay low. To beat this circumstance CGC has chosen to execute a legitimate data framework that will comprehend the future interest in the industrial sector. The storage capacity framework in the new framework, which is distinctive, and it will store the abundance gas when demand is low with the goal that it can be used in the season of low supply. The report likewise concentrates on the present execution of the organization and it is observable that the organization was confronting loss because of uneven market activity. Reference List Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Attaran, M. and Attaran, S., 2012. Collaborative supply chain management: the most promising practice for building efficient and sustainable supply chains.Business Process Management Journal,13(3), pp.390-404. Belkin, P., Nichol, J. and Woehrel, S., 2013. Europes energy security: Options and challenges to natural gas supply diversification.Congressional Research Service, pp.7-5700. Cheenkachorn, K., Poompipatpong, C. and Ho, C.G., 2013. Performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine fuelled with diesel and LNG (liquid natural gas).Energy,53, pp.52-57. Chen, H. and Baldick, R., 2011. Optimizing short-term natural gas supply portfolio for electric utility companies.Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on,22(1), pp.232-239. Chopra, S. and Sodhi, M.S., 2014. Managing risk to avoid supply-chain breakdown.MIT Sloan management review,46(1), p.53. Citizensenergygroup.com. (2016).Citizens Energy Group - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.citizensenergygroup.com/search?searchtext=operationssearchmode=anyword. Guang Shi, V., Lenny Koh, S.C., Baldwin, J. and Cucchiella, F., 2012. Natural resource based green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), pp.54-67. Ipakchi, A. and Albuyeh, F., 2012. Grid of the future.Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE,7(2), pp.52-62. Joskow, P. and Kahn, E., 2011, July. A quantitative analysis of pricing behavior in California's wholesale electricity market during summer 2000. InPower Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2011(Vol. 1, pp. 392-394). IEEE. Lund, H., Werner, S., Wiltshire, R., Svendsen, S., Thorsen, J.E., Hvelplund, F. and Mathiesen, B.V., 2014. 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH): Integrating smart thermal grids into future sustainable energy systems.Energy,68, pp.1-11. Mena, C., Humphries, A. and Choi, T.Y., 2013. Toward a Theory of Multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Tier Supply Chain Management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(2), pp.58-77. Monczka, R., Handfield, R., Giunipero, L. and Patterson, J., 2015.Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Moore, C.W., Zielinska, B., Ptron, G. and Jackson, R.B., 2014. Air impacts of increased natural gas acquisition, processing, and use: a critical review.Environmental science technology,48(15), pp.8349-8359. Park, Y., Hong, P. and Roh, J.J., 2013. Supply chain lessons from the catastrophic natural disaster in Japan.Business Horizons,56(1), pp.75-85. Seuring, S., 2013. A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), pp.1513-1520. Stern, J., 2012. Security of European natural gas supplies.London, the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Winter, M. and Knemeyer, A.M., 2013. Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), pp.18-38. Wisner, J., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G., 2015.Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning. Zednik, J.J., Dunlavy, D.L. and Scott, T.G., Mobil Oil Corporation, 2011.Regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) aboard a transport vessel. U.S. Patent 6,089,022.

Why has Nucor performed so well in the past Essay Example

Why has Nucor performed so well in the past Paper The following section discusses the reasons that Nucor has been able to perform so well in the past. It examines the internal and external (industry) factors impacting success. Industry Analysis This section examines industry forces using Porters Five Forces Analysis (See Appendix 1). Porters Analysis illustrates that both Industry Competition and Barrier to Entry are HIGH. Threat of Substitutes and Buyer Power are Medium and Supplier Power is Low (See Appendix 1 for detailed analysis). However, even in the face of such stable and fiercely competitive market, Nucor was continually able to maintain its strong position within the industry. Thus we now look to Nucors internal characteristics as a source for competitive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Why has Nucor performed so well in the past specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why has Nucor performed so well in the past specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why has Nucor performed so well in the past specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Internal Analysis This section compares Nucors superior resources and capabilities to its competitors, and discusses how it has exploited them for competitive advantage. Resources Capabilities * Strong Financials Resources with forecasted growth in cash flows further strengthening its investment or borrowing capacity. * Pioneering technology and technical sophistication in Thin Slab casting * Critical Mass of existing Mills and geographic locations in proximity to customer base. * Its reputation, brand equity and relationships with suppliers within the industry. * Its large existing customer base. * Its highly motivated workforce, build through a series of performance goals and high powered performance incentives (Nucor Case, 1990) * Lower cost production through pioneering technology. * Technological Superiority for greater efficiency in volume production * Rapid supply to assist in low inventory levels for customers. * Extensive experience in building Mini Mills efficiently * Consistent investment in maintaining capacity of production. * Long Term experience and success in the industry. * Lean, flat, decentralised organisational structure for rapid decision making. Michael Porters resource-based view suggests that the key to profitability is not through doing the same as other firms, but rather exploiting differences (Grant,2002). Aside from strong financial resources, Nucor understood its greatest resource was is its people. It utilised a combination of non unionised workforce, incentive systems, training and decentralised decision making to ensure the more effective is (was) to communicate with employees and the greater autonomy they had to make rapid and effective decisions (Nucor Case, 1990). This lowered production costs and improved employee productivity. In addition, Nucor had other significant resources at its disposal such as modern technology, advantageous locations, cheaper and more co-operative labour, entrepreneurial management, and narrow product lines, that let them wrest away share from integrated steel makers in the segments they served (Nucor Case, 1990). Nucor also demonstrated superior capabilities by effectively using its resources to develop efficiencies in volume production, and bring products to market more cheaply and more quickly than its competitors. There were three components to this capability. Firstly, Nucor utilised combination of research and development activities that refined speed and efficiency of the production process. Nucor had invested steadily and heavily in upgrading its capacity, old as well as new, (Nucor Case, 1990) and leveraged this capability to lower production time and costs. In addition, Nucor was consistently able to defend itself against substitutes through its cost reduction capabilities and lower prices. Secondly, Nucor was able to lower its investment/construction costs using their extensive experience in building and remodeling Mini Mills in ways other firms were unable to emulate. Nucor designed and built plants concurrently, reducing engineering costs to 2% of total costs, from the industry standard of 10%. With this experience, Nucor was able to make adjustments on the fly, and reduce time to project completion, thus providing positive cash-flows more quickly. Finally, it had speed of delivery to customers and suppliers by locating mills in similar geographic regions. Nucor was able to leverage these competencies to create sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. From a positional advantage (Porter, 2000) perspective, Nucor used its resources and capabilities for cost advantage. It was able to utilise its superior MM technology to lower its cost structure by taking advantage of the declines in integrated steel makers demand for scrap and eliminating coke ovens and blast furnaces (Nucor Case, 1990). No other competitor in the industry has used this focus to create value for its customers and superior profits for itself as Nucor had. Nucor was the low cost leader in the market. With this unique combination of resources and capabilities, Nucors distinctive competencies enabled high levels of innovation and efficiency in Mini-Mill (MM) production technologies. Such technology had the effect of reducing the minimal efficient scale of production from millions of tons to hundreds of thousands of tons, or less (Nucor Case, 1990) as well as reducing the capital cost per ton of capacity by a factor of 10.